| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Client management | Client management 202522.1% |
Client management 2024 23.3% |
| Engineering | Engineering 202517.3% |
Engineering 2024 16.8% |
| Media | Media 202515.4% |
Media 2024 14.9% |
| Creative and content | Creative and content 202511.5% |
Creative and content 2024 11.8% |
| Data & Tech | Data & Tech 20259.0% |
Data & Tech 2024 9.2% |
| Production | Production 20254.5% |
Production 2024 4.1% |
| Strategy | Strategy 20254.2% |
Strategy 2024 4.4% |
| Consulting | Consulting 20254.0% |
Consulting 2024 2.8% |
| Healthcare | Healthcare 20250.3% |
Healthcare 2024 0.3% |
| General Management | General Management 20250.7% |
General Management 2024 0.7% |
| Support functions | Support functions 202511.0% |
Support functions 2024 11.6% |
| Total | Total 2025100% |
Total 2024 100% |
This item covers all external expenses other than production and media buying when the Groupe acts as agent, and includes in particular:
It also includes IT costs, taxes (except corporate income taxes), duties and similar payments, and increases and reversals of provisions.
