Financial income is recognized by applying the usual rules, namely:
In general, these include capital gains and losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment, and intangible and financial assets.
Billings are mainly composed of:
Expense transfers mainly include re-invoicing of Groupe companies for the allocation of free Publicis Groupe shares to certain key Groupe managers as part of free share or stock option plans.
In 2024, personnel expenses include the compensation of the Chair and Chief Executive Officer and related expenses. They also include euro 113,423 thousand of costs associated with free share plans, the delivery of which in the form of existing shares entails an expense in the income statement. In 2023, these costs amounted to euro 55,856 thousand.