Personnel costs include salaries, wages, commissions, bonuses, profit-sharing, paid leave, as well as estimated bonuses and expenses related to share-based payments (stock option plans, free share plans) and pension plan expenses (excluding the net effect of the unwinding of discounts presented in other financial income and expenses).
| (in millions of euros) | 2024 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Compensation | Compensation 2024 (7,275) |
Compensation 2023 (6,755) |
| Social security charges | Social security charges 2024 (1,098) |
Social security charges 2023 (1,002) |
| Post-employment benefits(1) | Post-employment benefits (1)2024 (254) |
Post-employment benefits (1)2023 (229) |
| Share-based payments | Share-based payments 2024 (91) |
Share-based payments 2023 (85) |
| Restructuring costs | Restructuring costs 2024 (136) |
Restructuring costs 2023 (111) |
| Personnel costs | Personnel costs 2024 (8,854) |
Personnel costs 2023 (8,182) |
| Freelancers costs | Freelancers costs 2024 (370) |
Freelancers costs 2023 (332) |
| Personnel costs and freelancers costs | Personnel costs and freelancers costs 2024 (9,224) |
Personnel costs and freelancers costs 2023 (8,514) |
| 2024 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | Europe 2024 25,492 |
Europe 2023 25,292 |
| North America | North America 2024 31,749 |
North America 2023 29,979 |
| Latin America | Latin America 2024 10,915 |
Latin America 2023 10,231 |
| Asia-Pacific | Asia-Pacific 2024 35,475 |
Asia-Pacific 2023 34,039 |
| Middle East & Africa | Middle East & Africa 2024 4,548 |
Middle East & Africa 2023 3,754 |
| Total | Total 2024 108,179 |
Total 2023 103,295 |
| 2024 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|
| Client management | Client management 2024 23.3% |
Client management 2023 22.7% |
| Engineering | Engineering 2024 16.8% |
Engineering 2023 17.6% |
| Media | Media 2024 14.9% |
Media 2023 13.3% |
| Creative and content | Creative and content 2024 11.8% |
Creative and content 2023 12.1% |
| Support functions | Support functions 2024 11.6% |
Support functions 2023 11.5% |
| Data & Tech | Data & Tech 2024 9.2% |
Data & Tech 2023 9.2% |
| Production | Production 2024 4.1% |
Production 2023 4.5% |
| Strategy | Strategy 2024 4.4% |
Strategy 2023 4.2% |
| Consulting | Consulting 2024 2.8% |
Consulting 2023 3.9% |
| General Management | General Management 2024 0.7% |
General Management 2023 0.8% |
| Healthcare | Healthcare 2024 0.3% |
Healthcare 2023 0.2% |
| Total | Total 2024 100% |
Total 2023 100% |
