Marketable securities primarily include treasury shares, which are classified according to their intended purpose.
A provision for liabilities is recognized for treasury shares allocated to stock option or free share plans in order to reflect the loss resulting from the difference between the subscription price (zero for the free shares) and their cost price.
A provision is recognized for treasury shares that are not allocated to such a plan as well as for other marketable securities, whenever their current value at year‑end is lower than their carrying amount. The current value of publicly traded securities equals the average quoted price for the final month of the financial year, and for non‑listed securities, the probable selling price.
Bonds are recognized at their par value.
In cases where a redemption premium exists, the liability is increased by the total amount of such a premium. This premium is offset by the recognition of an asset, which is amortized over the life of the bond on an actuarial basis.
In cases where an issue premium exists, the liability is recognized at par value and the issue premium is recognized as an asset; the issue premium is amortized over the life of the bond.
Provisions are funded when:
Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted to present value. Increases in the amount of provisions resulting from the unwinding of the discount are recognized as financial expenses.
Contingent liabilities are not recognized but, if material, are disclosed in the Notes to the financial statements.
In principle, the derivatives used by the Company are for hedging purposes only. The accounting treatment of these instruments is:
Financial income is recognized by applying the usual rules, namely:
In general, these include capital gains and losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment, and intangible and financial assets.
Billings are mainly composed of:
Expenses transfers mainly include re‑invoicing of Groupe companies for the allocation of free Publicis Groupe shares to certain key Groupe managers as part of free share or stock option plans.