Leases are recognized in the balance sheet at the inception of the lease for the present value of the future payments (i.e. rent or fixed or substantially fixed fees). These leases are recognized under “Lease liabilities” on the liabilities side, offset by “Right‑of‑use assets related to leases” on the assets side. In the income statement, depreciation and amortization expenses are recognized in the operating margin and interest expenses under net financial income (expenses). The tax impact of this consolidation restatement is taken into account through the recognition of deferred taxes, which are amortized over the term of the contract, which generally corresponds to the fixed term of the contract unless the Group is reasonably certain to renew or terminate it.
The discount rates applied to determine the lease liability are based on the Group’s incremental borrowing rate plus a spread to take into account the specific economic environment of each country. These discount rates are determined having regard to the terms of the leases.
Where there is an indication of loss of value, when the property is vacant and is no longer intended for use in the context of the main activities, an impairment test is performed on the right‑of‑use assets. If the net carrying amount of the right‑of‑use assets is lower than their recoverable amount, then an impairment loss is estimated on the basis of the discounted future lease payments less the expected income from sub‑leases. In the event that a sub‑lease agreement is signed, if it qualifies as a financial lease, the assets corresponding to the right‑of‑use assets are taken back and a financial receivable is recognized. Any difference between the sub‑lease receivable recognized and the derecognized right‑of‑use assets is recognized in profit or loss.
Leases of low‑value assets or short‑term leases are immediately expensed in profit or loss.
All investments are initially recognized at fair value, which corresponds either to the price paid or the value of assets given in payment, plus any transaction costs.
After the initial recognition, investments are assessed at fair value as of the reporting date. Gains and losses on investments held for trading are recognized in income. Profits and losses on other financial assets are accounted for optionally for securities representing equity instruments, either in profit and loss or in other comprehensive income or equity.
Other long‑term investments held for maturity and whose sole contractual cash flow characteristics are the payment of the principal and interest, such as bonds, are then assessed at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. For investments recognized at amortized cost, gains and losses are recognized in the income statement if they are sold or impaired, as well as through the process of amortization.
For investments that are actively traded on organized financial markets, fair value is determined by reference to the published market price at the reporting date. For investments that are not listed on an active market, fair value is determined with reference to the current market price of another substantially similar instrument, or calculated based on the cash flows that are expected from the investment.
This includes financial receivables from associates or unconsolidated companies held by the Group.
Impairment is recognized whenever there is a risk of non‑payment as a result of the financial position of the entity in question.
This line item mainly includes work‑in‑progress for the advertising business when we act as “Agent.” This involves creative and production technical work (graphics, TV, radio, publishing, etc.) that can be directly passed on to the client but has not yet been invoiced. They are recognized on the basis of costs incurred and a provision is recorded when their net realizable amount is lower than cost. Non‑billable work or costs incurred relating to new client development activities are not recognized as assets, except for tendering expenses which may be re‑invoiced to the client under the terms of the contract. In order to assess the net realizable amount, inventory and work‑in‑progress are reviewed on a case‑by‑case basis and written down, if appropriate, on the basis of criteria such as the existence of commercial disputes with the client.
It also includes, to a lesser extent, media inventories bought on own‑account and not resold at the end of the reporting period.
Receivables are recognized at the initial amount of the invoice. Receivables presenting a risk of non‑recovery are subject to impairment. Such allowances are determined, on a case‑by‑case basis, using various criteria such as difficulties in recovering the receivables, the existence of any disputes and claims, or the financial position of the debtor. Impairment of trade receivables also takes into account expected losses on receivables under the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9.
Due to the nature of the Group’s activities, trade receivables are of a short‑term nature. Nevertheless, any trade receivables of a longer‑term nature will be recognized at their discounted value.
