Operating income totaled euro 87 million in 2023, compared with euro 91 million in 2022. It includes rental income on real estate and fees for services contracted by the Groupe’s subsidiaries for euro 29 million (compared to euro 24 million in 2022) and pass‑through revenue and other income for euro 58 million (compared to euro 67 million in 2022). The majority of these items have no impact on the Company's income, as they are offset by operating expenses.
Operating expenses amounted to euro 80 million in 2023, compared with euro 87 million in the previous year.
As a result, operating income is a profit of euro 7 million in 2023, vs. euro 4 million in 2022.
Financial income amounted to euro 916 million as of December 31, 2023, compared with euro 95 million the previous year. This sharp increase is due to dividends received from subsidiaries in 2023.
Financial expenses totaled euro 135 million in 2023, compared to euro 69 million the previous year. This change is due to the increase in the interest expense related to the Groupe’s cash pool.
Pre‑tax profit was a positive euro 788 million for 2023, compared to euro 29 million in the previous financial year.
The exceptional result was not significant in 2023, and is compared to a loss of euro 4 million in 2022.
After inclusion of a euro 12 million income tax credit (vs. euro 6 million in 2022), resulting from the tax consolidation in France, the net income of Publicis Groupe, the Groupe’s parent company, was a profit of euro 800 million as of December 31, 2023 compared to euro 31 million as of December 31, 2022.
| unspecified | Invoices issued and not settled on the reporting date that are past due | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not-included | 0 days | 1 to 30 days | 31 to 60 days | 61 to 90 days | 91 days or more | Total (1 day or more) |
| (A) Late payment tranches | ||||||
| Number of invoices involved | - | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | 30 |
| Total amount of invoices involved, inc. tax (in euros) | - | 23,136 | 23,899 | 19,237 | 320,815 | 387,087 |
| Percentage of revenue, inc. tax, for the financial year | - | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.37% | 0.44% |
| (B) Invoices not included in (A) relating to bad debts and receivables or not recognized | ||||||
| Number of invoices not included | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | - |
| Amount of invoices not included (in euros) | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | unspecified | - |
| (C) Reference payment periods used (contractual or legal – article L. 441‑6 or article L. 443‑1 of the French Commercial Code) | ||||||
| Payment terms used to calculate late payments: | Contractual deadlines shown on our invoices. | |||||
